The value of cardiopulmonary comorbidity in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy: a retrospective, observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic lung and heart diseases are more likely to lead an intensive end point after stroke onset. We aimed to investigate characteristics and outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke (ALVOS) and identify the role of comorbid chronic cardiopulmonary diseases in ALVOS pathogenesis. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, 191 consecutive patients who underwent EVT due to large vessel occlusion stroke in neurological intensive care unit were included. The chronic cardiopulmonary comorbidities and several conventional stroke risk factors were assessed. The primary efficacy outcome was functional independence (defined as a mRS of 0 to 2) at day 90. The primary safety outcomes were death within 90 days and the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(sICH). Univariate analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between factors and clinical outcomes, and logistic regression model were developed to predict the prognosis of ALVOS. RESULTS: Endovascular therapy in ALVOS patients with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases, as compared with those without comorbidity, was associated with an unfavorable shift in the NHISS 24 h after EVT [8(4,15.25) versus 12(7.5,18.5), P = 0.005] and the lower percentage of patients who were functionally independent at 90 days, defined as a score on the modified Rankin scale of 0 to 2 (51.6% versus 25.4%, P = 0.000). There was no significant between-group difference in the frequency of mortality (12.1% versus 14.9%, P = 0.580) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (13.7% versus 19.4%, P = 0.302) or of serious adverse events. Moreover, a prediction model showed that existence of cardiopulmonary comorbidities (OR = 0.456, 95%CI 0.209 to 0.992, P = 0.048) was independently associated with functional independence at day 90. CONCLUSIONS: EVT was safe in ALVOS patients with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases, whereas the unfavorable outcomes were achieved in such patients. Moreover, cardiopulmonary comorbidity had certain clinical predictive value for worse stroke prognosis.

Tailoring atomic chemistry to refine reaction pathway for the most enhancement by magnetization in water oxidation.

Water oxidation on magnetic catalysts has generated significant interest due to the spin-polarization effect. Recent studies have revealed that the disappearance of magnetic domain wall upon magnetization is responsible for the observed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) enhancement. However, an atomic picture of the reaction pathway remains unclear, i.e., which reaction pathway benefits most from spin-polarization, the adsorbent evolution mechanism, the intermolecular mechanism (I2M), the lattice oxygen-mediated one, or more? Here, using three model catalysts with distinguished atomic chemistries of active sites, we are able to reveal the atomic-level mechanism. We found that spin-polarized OER mainly occurs at interconnected active sites, which favors direct coupling of neighboring ligand oxygens (I2M). Furthermore, our study reveals the crucial role of lattice oxygen participation in spin-polarized OER, significantly facilitating the coupling kinetics of neighboring oxygen radicals at active sites.

Determination of the chromosomal position effects for plug-and-play application in the Myxococcus xanthus chassis cells.

The chromosomal position effect can significantly affect the transgene expression, which may provide an efficient strategy for the inauguration of alien genes in new hosts, but has been less explored rationally. The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus harbors a large circular high-GC genome, and the position effect in this chassis may result in a thousand-fold expression variation of alien natural products. In this study, we conducted transposon insertion at TA sites on the M. xanthus genome, and used enrichment and dilution indexes to respectively appraise high and low expression potentials of alien genes at insertion sites. The enrichment sites are characteristically distributed along the genome, and the dilution sites are overlapped well with the horizontal transfer genes. We experimentally demonstrated the enrichment sites as high expression integration sites (HEISs), and the dilution sites unsuitable for gene integration expression. This work highlights that HEISs are the plug-and-play sites for efficient expression of integrated genes.

IMPACT OF TIME INTERVAL FROM CESAREAN DELIVERY TO FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER ON REPRODUCTIVE AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in reproductive and neonatal outcomes based on the time interval from cesarean delivery to subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) DESIGN: Retrospective cohort SUBJECTS: Women undergoing autologous elective single embryo transfer (eSET) FET following prior cesarean delivery EXPOSURE: Time from prior cesarean delivery to subsequent FET MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Live birth RESULTS: A total of 6,556 autologous eSET FET cycles were included. FET cycles were divided into eight groups based on the time interval from prior cesarean delivery to subsequent FET in months. Time was also evaluated as a continuous variable. The proportion of live births did not differ significantly across all time interval groups and over continuous time (range: 40.0% - 45.6%, adjusted (adj) p = 0.572, continuous adj p = 0.599). Mean gestational age at the time of delivery did not significantly differ as the time between prior cesarean delivery and subsequent FET increased (range: 37.3 - 38.4 weeks, adj p = 0.87, continuous adj p = 0.06). When time was evaluated continuously, the proportion of preterm births was higher with a shorter time between cesarean delivery and subsequent FET (p = 0.02). Mean birth weight ranged from 3181 grams to 3470 grams, with a statistically significant increase over time (continuous adj p = 0.01). However, the proportions of extremely low birth weight, very low birth weight, and low birth weight did not significantly differ. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in reproductive outcomes based on the time interval from cesarean delivery to FET, including live birth. The proportion of preterm deliveries decreased with a longer time between cesarean delivery and FET. Differences in mean neonatal birth weight were not clinically significant, as the proportion of low-birth-weight neonates was not significantly different over time. While large, this sample cannot address all outcomes associated with short interpregnancy intervals, particularly rarer outcomes such as uterine rupture. When counseling patients, the timing of FET following cesarean delivery must be balanced against the risks of increasing maternal age on reproductive and neonatal outcomes.

Novel Spatially Asymmetric Copper Bismuthate-Mediated Augmentation of Energy Conversion to Realize "Three-Step" Tumor Suppression.

The generally undesirable bandgap and electron-hole complexation of inorganic sonosensitizers limit the efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, affecting the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Comparatively, the novel polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified copper bismuthate (PCBO) sonosensitizers are manufactured for a "three-step" SDT promotion. In brief, first, the strong hybridization between Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals in PCBO narrows the bandgap (1.83 eV), facilitating the rapid transfer of charge carriers. Additionally, nonequivalent [CuO4]6- layers reduce crystal symmetry, confer PCBO unique piezoelectricity, and improve electron-hole separation under ultrasonic (US) excitation. This allows PCBO to convert US energy into chemical energy to produce ROS, achieving the accumulation of abundant ROS, resulting in apoptosis and tumor suppression. Concurrently, PCBO also acts as a glutathione scavenger to reduce tumor antioxidant capacity and improve efficacy. To the best of authors understanding, this study reveals PCBO as an innovative piezoelectric sonosensitizer and provides a meaningful paradigm for designing energy conversion strategies for tumor suppression.

Skeletal Features of Talus in Hepple V Lesion.

The present study was to determine the characteristics of the ankle skeletal structure in patients with talus Hepple V type. We conducted a retrospective study on the skeletal structure of the talus in 110 patients with Hepple V osteochondral lesions of the talus and in control participants. The radiographic measurements taken include the following: in the coronal plane - depth of talus frontal curvature, length of the lateral and medial malleolus; in the sagittal plane - radius and height of talus, angle of tibial lateral surface, tibiotalar sector, and vertical neck angle. The osteochondral lesion of the talus showed a significantly larger mean radius (mean ± SD, 21.4 ± 2.5 mm; p < .001) and height (mean ± SD, 26.0 ± 2.7 mm; p < .005). It also demonstrated a longer mean medial malleolus length (mean ± SD, 15.7 ± 2.4 mm; p < .005), a larger mean vertical neck angle (mean ± SD, 86.2 ± 5.4°; p < .050), and a greater mean tibial lateral surface angle (mean ± SD, 80.0 ± 4.5°; p < .001). And there was a greater mean frontal curvature depth (mean ± SD, 3.9 ± 0.6 mm; p < .005). Overall, this study found that patients with Hepple V osteochondral lesions of the talus had a larger vertical neck angle and tibial lateral surface angle, a longer talus radius and medial malleolus length, a higher talus height, and a deeper frontal curvature depth. STUDY DESIGNS: Retrospective Case-Control Study.

MAIT cells are associated with responsiveness to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in COPD-associated NSCLC.

BACKGROUND: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience worse clinical outcomes but respond better to immunotherapy than patients with NSCLC without COPD. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a versatile population of innate immune T lymphocytes, have a crucial function in the response to infection and tumors. This study investigated the distribution of MAIT cells in COPD-associated NSCLC and their involvement in the immune response. METHODS: Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed on tissue samples of patients with NSCLC, with or without COPD, treated with or without anti-programmed death 1 (PD1) immunotherapy. MAIT cells were stimulated with 5-OP-RU using a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. RESULTS: Tumors contained significantly more MAIT cells than paraneoplastic tissues, and CD8+ MAIT cells accounted for more than 90% of these cells. Patients with NSCLC and COPD had higher CD8+ MAIT cell counts than those with NSCLC without COPD. Additionally, patients with NSCLC and COPD displayed reduced expression of the activation marker, CD69, and functional markers, granzyme B (GZMB) and interferon γ (IFNγ), and higher expression of the immune exhaustion marker, PD1. Among patients who received immunotherapy, the proportion with a complete or partial response was higher in those with COPD than in those without COPD. In patients with NSCLC and COPD, the major pathologic response (MPR) group had higher MAIT levels than those in the no major pathologic response (NPR) group. In the mouse subcutaneous tumor model stimulation of MAIT cells using 5-OP-RU enhanced the antitumor effects of anti-PD1. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with NSCLC and COPD, response to immunotherapy is associated with accumulation of CD8+ MAIT cells showing immune exhaustion. These findings may contribute to innovative approaches for immunotherapy targeting CD8+ MAIT cells.

LINC00460-FUS-MYC feedback loop drives breast cancer metastasis and doxorubicin resistance.

Therapeutic resistance and metastasis largely contribute to mortality from breast cancer and therefore understanding the underlying mechanisms of such remains an urgent challenge. By cross-analysis of TCGA and GEO databases, LINC00460 was identified as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA, highly expressed in Doxorubicin resistant breast cancer. LINC00460 was further demonstrated to promote stem cell-like and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics in breast cancer cells. LINC00460 interacts with FUS protein with consequent enhanced stabilization, which further promotes MYC mRNA maturation. LINC00460 expression was transcriptionally enhanced by c-MYC protein, forming a positive feedback loop to promote metastasis and Doxorubicin resistance. LINC00460 depletion in Doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells restored sensitivity to Doxorubicin and increased the efficacy of c-MYC inhibitor therapy. Collectively, these findings implicate LINC00460 as a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target to overcome Doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer.

Simultaneous prediction of 16 quality attributes during protein A chromatography using machine learning based Raman spectroscopy models.

Several key technologies for advancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing depend on the successful implementation of process analytical technologies that can monitor multiple product quality attributes in a continuous in-line setting. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technology in the biopharma industry that promises to fit this strategic need, yet its application is not widespread due to limited success for predicting a meaningful number of quality attributes. In this study, we addressed this very problem by demonstrating new capabilities for preprocessing Raman spectra using a series of Butterworth filters. The resulting increase in the number of spectral features is paired with a machine learning algorithm and laboratory automation hardware to drive the automated collection and training of a calibration model that allows for the prediction of 16 different product quality attributes in an in-line mode. The demonstrated ability to generate these Raman-based models for in-process product quality monitoring is the breakthrough to increase process understanding by delivering product quality data in a continuous manner. The implementation of this multiattribute in-line technology will create new workflows within process development, characterization, validation, and control.

Application of Raman spectroscopy during pharmaceutical process development for determination of critical quality attributes in Protein A chromatography.

Raman spectroscopy is considered a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool in biopharmaceutical downstream processes. In the past decade, researchers have shown Raman spectroscopy's feasibility in determining Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) in bioprocessing. This study verifies the feasibility of implementing a Raman-based PAT tool in Protein A chromatography as a CQA monitoring technique, for the purpose of accelerating process development and achieving real-time release in manufacturing. A system connecting Raman to a Tecan liquid handling station enables high-throughput model calibration. One calibration experiment collects Raman spectra of 183 samples with 8 CQAs within 25 h. After applying Butterworth high-pass filters and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) regression for model training, the model showed high predictive accuracy for fragments (Q2 = 0.965) and strong predictability for target protein concentration, aggregates, as well as charge variants (Q2≥ 0.922). The model's robustness was confirmed by varying the elution pH, load density, and residence time using 19 external validation preparative Protein A chromatography runs. The model can deliver elution profiles of multiple CQAs within a set point ± 0.3 pH range. The CQA readouts were presented as continuous chromatograms with a resolution of every 28 s for enhanced process understanding. In external validation datasets, the model maintained strong predictability especially for target protein concentration (Q2 = 0.956) and basic charge variants (Q2 = 0.943), except for overpredicted HCP (Q2 = 0.539). This study demonstrates a rapid, effective method for implementing Raman spectroscopy for in-line CQA monitoring in process development and biomanufacturing, eliminating the need for labor-intensive sample pooling and handling.

Robust links in photoactive covalent organic frameworks enable effective photocatalytic reactions under harsh conditions.

Developing heterogeneous photocatalysts for the applications in harsh conditions is of high importance but challenging. Herein, by converting the imine linkages into quinoline groups of triphenylamine incorporated covalent organic frameworks (COFs), two photosensitive COFs, namely TFPA-TAPT-COF-Q and TFPA-TPB-COF-Q, are successfully constructed. The obtained quinoline-linked COFs display improved stability and photocatalytic activity, making them suitable photocatalysts for photocatalytic reactions under harsh conditions, as verified by the recyclable photocatalytic reactions of organic acid involving oxidative decarboxylation and organic base involving benzylamine coupling. Under strong oxidative condition, the quinoline-linked COFs show a high efficiency up to 11831.6 µmol·g-1·h-1 and a long-term recyclable usability for photocatalytic production of H2O2, while the pristine imine-linked COFs are less catalytically active and easily decomposed in these harsh conditions. The results demonstrate that enhancing the linkage robustness of photoactive COFs is a promising strategy to construct heterogeneous catalysts for photocatalytic reactions under harsh conditions.

The interplay between the circadian clock and abiotic stress responses mediated by ABF3 and CCA1/LHY.

Climate change is a global concern for all life on our planet, including humans and plants. Plants' growth and development are significantly affected by abiotic stresses, including adverse temperature, inadequate or excess water availability, nutrient deficiency, and salinity. The circadian clock is a master regulator of numerous developmental and metabolic processes in plants. In an effort to identify new clock-related genes and outputs through bioinformatic analysis, we have revealed that CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) play a crucial role in regulating a wide range of abiotic stress responses and target ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS-BINDING FACTOR3 (ABF3), a key transcription factor in the plant hormone Abscisic acid (ABA)-signaling pathway. Specifically, we found that CCA1 and LHY regulate the expression of ABF3 under diel conditions, as well as seed germination under salinity. Conversely, ABF3 controls the expression of core clock genes and orchestrates the circadian period in a stress-responsive manner. ABF3 delivers the stress signal to the central oscillator by binding to the promoter of CCA1 and LHY. Overall, our study uncovers the reciprocal regulation between ABF3 and CCA1/LHY and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between the circadian clock and abiotic stress. This finding may aid in developing molecular and genetic solutions for plants to survive and thrive in the face of climate change.

IAS-FET: An intelligent assistant system and an online platform for enhancing successful rate of in-vitro fertilization embryo transfer technology based on clinical features.

BACKGROUND: Among all of the assisted reproductive technology (ART) methods, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) holds a prominent position as a key solution for overcoming infertility. However, its success rate hovers at a modest 30% to 70%. Adding to the challenge is the absence of effective models and clinical tools capable of predicting the outcome of IVF-ET before embryo formation. Our study is dedicated to filling this critical gap by aiming to predict IVF-ET outcomes and ultimately enhance the success rate of this transformative procedure. METHODS: In this retrospective study, infertile patients who received artificial assisted pregnancy treatment at Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital in China were enrolled from 2016 to 2020. Individual's clinical information were studied by cascade XGBoost method to build an intelligent assisted system for predicting the outcome of IVF-ET, called IAS-FET. The cascade XGBoost model was trained using clinical information from 2292 couples and externally tested using clinical information from 573 couples. In addition, several schemes which will be of help for patients to adjust their physical condition to improve their success rate on ART were suggested by IAS-FET. RESULTS: The outcome of IVF-ET can be predicted by the built IAS-FET method with the area under curve (AUC) value of 0.8759 on the external test set. Besides, this IAS-FET method can provide several schemes to improve the successful rate of IVF-ET outcomes. The built tool for IAS-FET is addressed as a free platform online at http://www.cppdd.cn/ART for the convenient usage of users. CONCLUSIONS: It suggested the significant influence of personal clinical features for the success of ART. The proposed system IAS-FET based on the top 27 factors could be a promising tool to predict the outcome of ART and propose a plan for the patient's physical adjustment. With the help of IAS-FET, patients can take informed steps towards increasing their chances of a successful outcome on their journey to parenthood.

Smartphone-based low-cost and rapid quantitative detection of urinary creatinine with the Tyndall effect.

This research aims to develop a robust and quantitative method for measuring creatinine levels by harnessing the enhanced Tyndall effect (TE) phenomenon. The envisioned sensing assay is designed for practical deployment in resource-limited settings or homes, where access to advanced laboratory facilities is limited. Its primary objective is to enable regular and convenient monitoring of renal healthcare, particularly in cases involving elevated creatinine levels. The creatinine sensing strategy is achieved based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) triggered via the direct crosslinking reaction between creatinine and AuNPs, where an inexpensive laser pointer was used as a handheld light source and a smartphone as a portable device to record the TE phenomenon enhanced by the creatinine-induced aggregation of AuNPs. After evaluation and optimization of parameters such as AuNP concentrations and TE measurement time, the subsequent proof-of-concept experiments demonstrated that the average gray value change of TE images was linearly related to the logarithm of creatinine concentrations in the range of 1-50 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.084 µM. Meanwhile, our proposed creatinine sensing platform exhibited highly selective detection in complex matrix environments. Our approach offers a straightforward, cost-effective, and portable means of creatinine detection, presenting an encouraging signal readout mechanism suitable for point-of-care (POC) applications. The utilization of this assay as a POC solution exhibits potential for expediting timely interventions and enhancing healthcare outcomes among individuals with renal health issues.

Gypenoside XVII attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), for which there is currently no effective treatment. Recently, the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pyroptosis during AKI has been investigated. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Gypenoside XVII (GP-17) against I/R-induced renal injury. METHODS: In this study, mice were divided into 6 groups, sham group, I/R group, GP-17 low-, medium-, high-dose group, and positive control 4-PBA group. The renal I/R was performed in mice by clamping the bilateral renal pedicles for 40 min, and then reperfusing for 24 h. Blood and kidney samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that GP-17 improved renal function and alleviated renal histopathological abnormalities caused by I/R. In addition, GP-17 pretreatment significantly decreased the expression or phosphorylation of ER stress response proteins including BIP, p-PERK, and CHOP. Besides, GP-17 inhibited the expression of pyroptosis proteins including caspase-1, GSDMD, and apoptotic protein BAX. The inflammatory factor IL-1ß in these GP-17 pretreatment groups was also significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: GP-17 blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting ERS, thereby inhibiting renal tubular cell pyroptosis and apoptosis, and prevented renal I/R injury.

Corneal wound healing following infrared laser irradiation at the wavelengths of 1.319 and 10.6 µm.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the wound healing of rabbit cornea following infrared laser irradiations at the wavelengths of 1.319 and 10.6 µm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were selected to establish a corneal injury model. The right and left eyes were irradiated with a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser at the wavelength of 1.319 µm (140 J/cm2 ) for 0.7 s and a CO2 laser at the wavelength of 10.6 µm (5.94 J/cm2 ) for 0.14 s, respectively. The incident spot diameter was 3 mm. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to monitor injuries at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 30 h, 36 h, 42 h, 48 h, 54 h, 60 h, 66 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 3 m, and 6 m postexposure. Meanwhile, slit-lamp microscopy and histopathology were performed at 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 3 m, and 6 m postexposure. RESULTS: After the two types of infrared laser injuries, distinct white circular lesions on the corneal surface were directly observed. Deeper corneal injury, more severe edema, and faster migration of new epithelium were found for the wavelength of 1.319 µm, compared to the wavelength of 10.6 µm. CONCLUSIONS: OCT combined with histopathology and slit-lamp microscopy can clearly observe the dynamic process of corneal wound healing after infrared laser irradiation. The damage characteristics for the two different wavelengths were visibly different, but the whole wound healing process was similar. The obtained results may provide references for the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of laser-induced damages.

Establishment of a differential diagnosis method and an online prediction platform for AOSD and sepsis based on gradient boosting decision trees algorithm.

OBJECTIVE: The differential diagnosis between adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and sepsis has always been a challenge. In this study, a machine learning model for differential diagnosis of AOSD and sepsis was developed and an online platform was developed to facilitate the clinical application of the model. METHODS: All data were collected from 42 AOSD patients and 50 sepsis patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from December 2018 to December 2021. In addition, 5 AOSD patients and 10 sepsis patients diagnosed in our hospital after March 2022 were collected for external validation. All models were built using the scikit-learn library (version 1.0.2) in Python (version 3.9.7), and feature selection was performed using the SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanation) package developed in Python. RESULTS: The results showed that the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT) optimization model based on arthralgia, ferritin × lymphocyte count, white blood cell count, ferritin × platelet count, and α1-acid glycoprotein/creatine kinase could well identify AOSD and sepsis. The training set interaction test (AUC: 0.9916, ACC: 0.9457, Sens: 0.9556, Spec: 0.9578) and the external validation also achieved satisfactory results (AUC: 0.9800, ACC: 0.9333, Sens: 0.8000, Spec: 1.000). We named this discrimination method AIADSS (AI-assisted discrimination of Still's disease and Sepsis) and created an online service platform for practical operation, the website is http://cppdd.cn/STILL1/ . CONCLUSION: We created a method for the identification of AOSD and sepsis based on machine learning. This method can provide a reference for clinicians to formulate the next diagnosis and treatment plan.

Intelligent identification system of gastric stromal tumors based on blood biopsy indicators.

BACKGROUND: The most prevalent mesenchymal-derived gastrointestinal cancers are gastric stromal tumors (GSTs), which have the highest incidence (60-70%) of all gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, simple and effective diagnostic and screening methods for GST remain a great challenge at home and abroad. This study aimed to build a GST early warning system based on a combination of machine learning algorithms and routine blood, biochemical and tumour marker indicators. METHODS: In total, 697 complete samples were collected from four hospitals in Gansu Province, including 42 blood indicators from 318 pretreatment GST patients, 180 samples of gastric polyps and 199 healthy individuals. In this study, three algorithms, gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR), were chosen to build GST prediction models for comparison. The performance and stability of the models were evaluated using two different validation techniques: 5-fold cross-validation and external validation. The DeLong test assesses significant differences in AUC values by comparing different ROC curves, the variance and covariance of the AUC value. RESULTS: The AUC values of both the GBM and RF models were higher than those of the LR model, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The GBM model was considered to be the optimal model, as a larger area was enclosed by the ROC curve, and the axes indicated robust model classification performance according to the accepted model discriminant. Finally, the integration of 8 top-ranked blood indices was proven to be able to distinguish GST from gastric polyps and healthy people with sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of 0.941, 0.807 and 0.951 for the cross-validation set, respectively. CONCLUSION: The GBM demonstrated powerful classification performance and was able to rapidly distinguish GST patients from gastric polyps and healthy individuals. This identification system not only provides an innovative strategy for the diagnosis of GST but also enables the exploration of hidden associations between blood parameters and GST for subsequent studies on the prevention and disease surveillance management of GST. The GST discrimination system is available online for free testing of doctors and high-risk groups at https://jzlyc.gsyy.cn/bear/mobile/index.html .

A review on edible insects in China: Nutritional supply, environmental benefits, and potential applications.

This review explored the potential of edible insects to address the challenges of malnutrition and food security. Although grain production in China has met the Food and Agriculture Organization standards, the shortage of protein supply is still a big issue. Moreover, expanding livestock farming is considered unsustainable and environmentally unfriendly. Edible insects have become an alternative with higher sustainable and ecological properties. There are 324 species of insects currently consumed in China, and they have high nutritional value, with a rich source of protein and unsaturated fatty acids. Insect farming provides numerous benefits, including green feeds for livestock, poultry, and aquaculture, sustainable organic waste management, as well as industrial and pharmaceutical raw materials. The food toxicological evaluations conducted in China indicated that edible insects are safe for general consumption by the Chinese, but allergies and other related food safety issues should not be ignored. Consumer acceptance is another barrier to overcome, with different schemas between China and Western countries. More research on the potential functions of edible insects and their product development may enhance their acceptance in China. Overall, incorporating edible insects into our diet is a promising solution to address challenges related to protein supply and food security. To ensure safety and sustainability, appropriate legislation, quality regulations, large-scale insect farms, and acceptable processing techniques are necessary. Moreover, more scientific research and social awareness are required to promote the culture and utilization of edible insects in China.

Exploring the precision redox map during fasting-refeeding and satiation in C. elegans.

Fasting is a popular dietary strategy because it grants numerous advantages, and redox regulation is one mechanism involved. However, the precise redox changes with respect to the redox species, organelles and tissues remain unclear, which hinders the understanding of the metabolic mechanism, and exploring the precision redox map under various dietary statuses is of great significance. Twelve redox-sensitive C. elegans strains stably expressing genetically encoded redox fluorescent probes (Hyperion sensing H2O2 and Grx1-roGFP2 sensing GSH/GSSG) in three organelles (cytoplasm, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)) were constructed in two tissues (body wall muscle and neurons) and were confirmed to respond to redox challenge. The H2O2 and GSSG/GSH redox changes in two tissues and three organelles were obtained by confocal microscopy during fasting, refeeding, and satiation. We found that under fasting condition, H2O2 decreased in most compartments, except for an increase in mitochondria, while GSSG/GSH increased in the cytoplasm of body muscle and the ER of neurons. After refeeding, the redox changes in H2O2 and GSSG/GSH caused by fasting were reversed in most organelles of the body wall muscle and neurons. In the satiated state, H2O2 increased markedly in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and ER of muscle and the ER of neurons, while GSSG/GSH exhibited no change in most organelles of the two tissues except for an increase in the ER of muscle. Our study systematically and precisely presents the redox characteristics under different dietary states in living animals and provides a basis for further investigating the redox mechanism in metabolism and optimizing dietary guidance.